Roland Barthes was born on 12th November 1915 in Cherbourg, Normandy. Barthes's work extended over many different fields. He infleunced the development of schools of theory including structuralism, semiotics, existialism, social theory, Marxism and post-structuralism.
He was the son of a naval officer Louis Barthes who was killed in a battle in the North Sea, he was only one year old at the time. His mother Henriette Barthes, aunt and grandmother raised him in the village of Urt and the city of Bayonne. When Barthes was eleven he and his family moved to Paris.
Between 1939 and 1948 he largely spent his life obtaining a licence in grammar, philology and also publishing his first papers. He spent the early 60's exploring the fields of semiology and structuralism, chairing various faculty positions around France and continued to produce more studies.
He described text as a "galaxy of signifiers" and claimed there were 5 ways of categorizing narrative codes:
1) Action code and enigma code
2) Symbols and signs
3) Points of a cultural reference
4) Simple description/reproduction
5) Structures
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